Cutting tools are commonly used tools in machining workshops. There are many kinds of machining tools for various purposes on the market. Many newcomers are not sure what kinds of tools are available and what they are used. In fact, we have sent similar articles on these issues before. Today, Dino Meticulous Tools will share the main classification and uses of cutting tools with everyone!

1. tool classification

Cutting tools are often divided into several types, such as turning tools, hole machining tools, milling cutters, broaching cutters, thread tools, gear tools, automatic lines and CNC machine tools and reamers, according to processing methods and specific uses.

Tools can also be classified in other ways:

According to the materials used, it is divided into high-speed steel tools, carbide tools, ceramic tools, cubic boron nitride (CBN) tools and diamond tools;

According to the structure, it is divided into integral tools, insert tools, machine clamping tools and composite tools, etc;

According to whether the standardization is divided into standard tools and non-standard tools.

Brief Introduction of 2. Common Cutting Tools

1. Turning tool

Turning tool is a widely used tool in metal cutting. It can be used to process excircles, end planes, threads, and inner holes on lathes, and can also be used for grooving and cutting.

Turning tools can be divided into integral turning tools, welded assembly turning tools and mechanical clamping blade turning tools in structure. The turning tools of the mechanical clamping blade can be divided into machine tool turning tools and indexable turning tools. The cutting performance of the mechanical clamping turning tool is stable, and the worker does not need to sharpen the knife, so it is more and more used in modern production.

2. Hole machining tool

Hole machining tools can generally be divided into two categories:

One is a tool for machining holes from solid materials, commonly used are twist drills, center drills and deep hole drills, etc;

The other is a tool for reprocessing existing holes on the workpiece, commonly used reamer, reamer and boring cutter.

3. Milling cutter

Milling cutter is a kind of widely used multi-blade rotary tool, which has many kinds. There are:

1) for processing plane, such as cylindrical plane milling cutter, end milling cutter, etc;

2) for processing grooves, such as end mills, T-shaped cutters and angle milling cutters;

3) for processing forming surfaces, such as convex semicircular and concave semicircular milling cutters and milling cutters for processing other complex forming surfaces. The productivity of milling is generally high, and the surface roughness value is large.

4. broach

Broach is a multi-tooth tool with high machining accuracy and cutting efficiency. It is widely used in mass production and can process various internal and external surfaces. Broach according to the processing of the workpiece surface of different, can be divided into a variety of internal broach and external broach two categories. When using a broach, in addition to selecting the rake angle and the back angle of the cutter teeth according to the workpiece material, and determining the broach size according to the size of the workpiece surface (such as the diameter of the round hole), two parameters need to be determined:

(1) Tooth lift angle af [that is, the difference in radius or height between the front and rear teeth (or tooth groups)];

(2) Tooth pitch p [that is, the axial distance between two adjacent cutter teeth].

5. Thread cutter

Threads can be machined by cutting and rolling.

6. Gear cutter

A gear cutter is a cutter for machining a gear tooth profile. According to the working principle of the tool, the gear is divided into the forming gear tool and the developing gear tool. Commonly used forming gear cutters include disc gear milling cutters and finger gear cutters. The commonly used gear cutters are gear shaper cutters, gear hobs and shaving cutters. When selecting gear hobs and gear shaper cutters, the following points should be noted:

(1) The basic parameters of the tool (modulus, tooth profile angle, tooth top height coefficient, etc.) should be the same as the processed gear.

(2) The accuracy level of the tool should be equivalent to the accuracy level required by the processed gear.

(3) The rotation direction of the tool should be the same as the rotation direction of the processed gear as much as possible. When rolling straight gears, generally use a left-handed tooth cutter.

7. Automatic line with CNC machine tool

In general, the cutting part of this kind of tool is not much different from the general tool, but in order to adapt to the characteristics of CNC machine tools and automatic line machining, they put forward higher requirements.

CNC tool has formed three systems: turning tool system, drilling tool system and boring and milling tool system.

Types and Application of Common Cutting Tools in 3.

1. Turning tool

The general use of turning tool tip type has the following several:

(1) Rough turning tool: It is mainly used to cut a large number of excess parts to make the diameter of the work close to the required size. Surface luminosity is not important when rough turning, so the tip of the turning tool can be ground into a sharp peak, but the peak usually has a slight roundness to avoid fracture.

(2) Fine turning tool: This blade can be polished by oil stone so as to produce a very smooth surface luminosity. Generally speaking, the round nose of fine turning tool is larger than that of rough turning tool.

(3) round nose turning tool: it can be applied to many different types of work. it is a common turning tool. when grinding the top surface, it can be turned left and right, and it can also be used to turn brass. This turning tool can also form an arc surface on the shoulder angle, and can also be used as a fine turning tool.

(4) cutting tool: only the end of the cutting work, this tool can be used to cut off the material and the degree of the groove.

(5) Screw turning tool (tooth knife): used for turning screw or nut, divided into 60 degrees according to the form of thread, or 55 degrees V-shaped tooth knife, 29 degrees trapezoidal tooth knife, square tooth knife.

(6) Hole-lining turning tool: used for turning drilled or cast holes. To achieve the purpose of optical size or true straight hole surface.

(7) Side turning tool or side turning tool: used to turn the end face of the work object, the right turning tool is usually used at the end of the fine axle, and the left turning tool is used to finish the left side of the shoulder.

Due to the different processing methods of the workpiece and the use of different blade shape, generally can be distinguished:

(1) Right-hand turning tool: from right to left, turning the outer diameter of the workpiece.

(2) Left-handed turning tool: from left to right, turning the outer diameter of the workpiece.

(3) Round nose turning tool: the cutting edge is circular arc, which can be turned in left and right directions, suitable for turning round corners or curved surfaces.

(4) Right turning tool: turning the right end face.

(5) Left turning tool: turning the left end face.

(6) cutting knife: used for cutting or cutting groove.

(7) inner hole turning tool: used for turning inner hole.

(8) External thread turning tool: used for turning external thread.

(9) Internal thread turning tool: used for turning internal threads.

2. Hole machining tool

One is a tool that processes a hole from a solid material; the other is a tool that reprocesses an existing hole on a workpiece.

The commonly used drill bits are mainly twist drill, flat drill, center drill, deep hole drill and nesting drill. Although reamers and countersink drills cannot drill holes in solid materials, they are customarily classified as drill bits.

Drill is used to drill through holes or blind holes in solid materials, and can ream existing holes.

According to the use of reamers, there are hand reamers and machine reamers. Machine reamers can be divided into straight shank reamers and taper shank reamers. The hand is straight handle type.

Reamers can be divided into many kinds according to different uses, so there are many standards for reamers. Some of our commonly used standards include GB/T1131 hand reamers, GB/T1132 straight handle machine reamers, GB/T1139 straight handle Morse conical reamers, etc.

The reamer is used to ream the hole that has been drilled (or reamed) on the workpiece. It is mainly used to improve the machining accuracy of the hole and reduce the roughness of its surface. It is used for the finishing and semi-finishing of the hole. The machining allowance is generally small, after reamer processing

3. Milling cutter

Types of milling cutters and their uses are broadly divided:

1. Flat head milling cutter, rough milling, remove a large number of blank, small area of horizontal plane or contour fine milling;

2. Ball-end milling cutter for semi-fine milling and fine milling of curved surfaces; small cutters can fine-mill small chamfers of steep surfaces/straight walls;

3. Flat end milling cutter with chamfer, can do rough milling to remove a large number of blanks, but also fine milling flat front (relative to the steep surface) small chamfer;

4. Forming milling cutters, including chamfering cutters, T-shaped milling cutters or drum-shaped cutters, toothed cutters, and inner R cutters;

5. chamfering cutter, chamfering cutter shape and chamfer shape is the same, divided into milling round chamfer and bevel chamfer milling cutter;

6.T-shaped knife, can be milling T-shaped groove;

7. Tooth-shaped cutter, milling out various tooth shapes, such as gears;

8. Coarse cutter, rough milling cutter designed for aluminum-copper alloy cutting, can be processed quickly.

4. broach

The inner broach is used to process the inner hole surface of various profiles. The name of the broach is generally determined by the shape of the processed hole, such as round hole broach, 4. hexagonal broach, keyway broach, spline broach, etc.

The inner broach can also process helical internal splines and internal gears. The hole diameter that can be processed by the inner broach is usually 10-120mm, and can be processed to 5-400mm under special circumstances. The width of the broaching groove is generally 3-100mm, and the length of the hole is generally not more than 3 times of the diameter, and can reach 2m under special circumstances.

The external broach is used to process the outer surface of various baking rooms, such as flat surfaces, forming surfaces, grooves, complex tenons and tenons in steam turbines to replace the milling, planing, grinding and other processing of these parts. It is especially suitable for the surface of some parts in mass production such as automobiles, motorcycles, tractors, etc.

According to the mechanism, broach can be divided into two categories: integral type and combined type (assembled type). The inner broach of central specification is made into integral type, while the inner broach of large specification and most of the outer broach are made into combined type.

According to the broach cutter tooth material is divided into: high speed steel broach and carbide broach.

According to the force of the broach studio is divided into: broach and push knife.

5. Thread cutter

The thread cutter is used to process the surface thread of the part, it has many forms.

According to the type of thread, precision and production batch, different methods and thread tools can be used to process threads.

According to different processing methods, thread tools can be divided into two categories: cutting method and rolling method.

Cutting thread tools: thread turning tools, taps, die, thread milling cutters, thread cutting heads with automatic opening and closing.

Thread rolling tool: rolling wheel and washboard.

6. Gear cutter

Gear tool refers to the processing gear tooth profile of the tool. According to the processed gear type:

Involute gear cutting tools, including:(1) processing cylindrical gear cutting tools: such as gear milling cutter, broach, hob, shaper cutter, shaving cutter, etc.;(2) processing worm gear cutting tools: such as worm gear hob, fly cutter, worm gear razor, etc.;(3) processing bevel gear cutting tools: such as gear planer, bevel gear milling cutter disc, etc.

Non-involute tooth cutter: cycloid gear cutter, spline hob, sprocket hob, etc.

7. Automatic line with CNC machine tool

CNC tool has formed three systems: turning tool system, drilling tool system and boring and milling tool system.

Turning tools: divided into outer circle, inner hole, external thread, internal thread, grooving, cutting end face, cutting end face ring groove, cutting off, etc.

Drilling tools: small holes, short holes, deep holes, tapping, reaming, etc.

Boring tools: rough boring, fine boring and other tools,

Milling tools: facet milling, vertical milling, three-sided milling and other tools.

Widely used in: CNC machine tools (CNC), machining centers (MC), flexible manufacturing cells (FMC) and flexible manufacturing (FMS).